Image 1 of 22
Image 2 of 22
Image 3 of 22
Image 4 of 22
Image 5 of 22
Image 6 of 22
Image 7 of 22
Image 8 of 22
Image 9 of 22
Image 10 of 22
Image 11 of 22
Image 12 of 22
Image 13 of 22
Image 14 of 22
Image 15 of 22
Image 16 of 22
Image 17 of 22
Image 18 of 22
Image 19 of 22
Image 20 of 22
Image 21 of 22
Image 22 of 22
Wildspring Oath ~ Handmade Candle inspired by the Amazons
‘Wildspring Oath’: A Homemade Artisanal Candle Inspired by the Amazons, the legendary warriors of Greek myth ~ untamed, unyielding, and bound by sisterhood.
She who rides with the wind and swears an oath to the untamed wild
Windspring’s Oath is the fierce heartbeat of the forest, a wild anthem to the Amazon’s untamed spirit. It opens with the sharp rush of fresh greenery and whispers of spice, a crackling fire in the underbrush where patchouli weaves through blooming lilies like ancient battle chants carried on the wind. The heart notes pulse with earthy depth, rich amber, and warm sandalwood, grounding the scent in the sacred soil beneath warrior feet. Vanilla and musk linger like a second skin, fierce yet inviting, a reminder that true strength flows from deep roots and quiet resilience.
This is no soft bloom, no delicate petal. Windspring’s Oath is raw power and graceful ferocity intertwined, a scent as wild and enduring as the woman who carries it. Rooted in the earth. Fierce as flame. Eternal as the forest.
Curious about how the layers of scent unfold? Learn more about scent profiles ~ top, heart, and base notes at this blog post: Scent Profiles, Top, Heart, and Base Notes.
Our candles are lovingly handcrafted in our home studio, Nimue’s Lair, nestled in Walnut Creek, CA. Each one begins with a luxurious blend of coconut-apricot wax, carefully infused with premium fragrance oils. Poured by hand into elegant glass vessels and amber jars, they’re finished with hand-cut labels and enchanted final touches. Every candle is a small ritual, infused with magick, intention, and the quiet glow of story.
-
Scent Notes:
Top: Green, Fresh
Heart: Spice, Patchouli, Lily
Bottom: Amber, Sandalwood, Vanilla, Musk
Seasonal Resonance: Spring’s Fierce Forest Breath 🌿🔥
A fragrance that captures the raw spirit of untamed wilderness, where fresh herbs mingle with wild spice, and warm earth hums beneath the steady pulse of ancient roots. Crisp yet grounded, this scent embodies the fierce strength and enduring grace of the Amazon warrior.
🌿 Primary Category: Aromatic & Herbal
Vibrant herbal notes blend with rich patchouli and spice, evoking the crackle of forest fires and the breath of wind through dense leaves.🌾 Secondary Category: Woody & Earthy
Amber, sandalwood, and musk root the scent deeply in the soil, echoing the sacred earth beneath warrior feet and the quiet power of enduring strength.A fragrance of wild power and grounded resilience: bold, vibrant, and eternal. 🌳🔥
Please visit this blog post for more information on Scent Profiles, Top, Heart, and Base Notes.
-
12 oz Deluxe – Amber Aura Glass · Coco Apricot Wax
Burn Time: 60+ hours
Bold and enduring, this candle fills your space with myth and memory. Crafted for spacious sanctuaries, this candle shines in wide-open living rooms, high-ceilinged studios, and sacred hearths ~ places where scent is free to roam and the flame becomes a luminous companion to stillness and story.8 oz Classic – Amber Jar · Coco Apricot Wax
Burn Time: 50–60 hours
A perfect size for quiet corners and thoughtful pauses. Let it warm your reading nook, home office, or bedside altar, where its flame flickers like a whisper of intention.4 oz Petite – Amber Jar · Coco Apricot Wax
Burn Time: 20–25 hours
Small in size, rich in presence. This candle is ideal for travel, gifting, or sanctifying intimate spaces - guest rooms, personal altars, or quiet corners where scent and flame are invited to linger with intention. -
For detailed information about our waxes, wicks, fragrance blends, and vessels, please see our Ingredients & Materials Guide.
-
For guidance on how to tend your flame with care, ensuring the cleanest, safest, and most enchanting burn, please visit our Candle Care Guide.
-
Please visit the Shipping and Returns Information page for details.
-
All photographs, images, and written content on this website are original works of Hekate's Torch Apothecary, LLC (doing business as Hekate’s Flame Apothecary) and are protected by copyright. They may not be used, altered, shared, or reposted on any platform without explicit written consent. All label designs, photos, images, and content are the exclusive property of Hekate's Torch Apothecary, LLC.
For inquiries regarding the use of our content, please contact: care@hekatesflame.com
© 2025 Hekate's Torch Apothecary, LLC. All rights reserved.
Content Warning:
This post explores ancient myths that include themes of violence, including assault and warfare, which may be sensitive for some readers. Please proceed with care and be mindful of your well-being while engaging with these stories.
The Amazons in Greek Mythology: Unveiling the Myths, Power, and Legacy of Fierce Female Warriors
In the pantheon of Greek mythology, warriors are aplenty: gods, demigods, and mortals, all embroiled in conflicts and battles. While most of these figures are male, there is a notable exception: the Amazons, a tribe of fierce, independent female warriors whose mythos still captivates us today. The Amazons, both feared and revered, represented an extraordinary contrast to the male-dominated tales of Greek heroism, embodying a unique form of feminine power. Their stories are not just about combat but about the emotional intensity behind their battles, the passions that drive them, the love of their sisters, and their fierce independence. Their portrayal in myth, art, and history opens up rich discussions on gender, independence, cultural symbolism, and the tension between civilization and the untamed.
Amazonian Myth vs. Reality: From Ares' Daughters to Scythian Warriors
The Amazons were believed to descend from the god Ares, the embodiment of war, and the nymph Harmonia. As Ares's daughters, they inherited his aggression and bloodthirst, which contrasted sharply with the more strategic and measured warfare associated with the goddess Athena.
In Apollonius' Argonautica, they are portrayed as brutal and aggressive warriors, bred for battle, with their entire way of life revolving around combat. They occupied a world dominated by war, far removed from the domestic roles Greek women were confined to.
Yet, beneath their hardened exteriors, one can imagine the emotional toll of living a life defined by violence, where each battle meant risking the lives of their sisters and leaders. The Amazons' emotional strength, an internal war to protect their identity and freedom, mirrors their physical battles.
While mythology places their origins near the Black Sea in Themiscyra, ancient texts offer varying accounts of their homeland. Some sources trace their roots to Libya, while others place them around Ukraine and Russia. Regardless of the location, the Amazons were always positioned on the edge of the "civilized" world as perceived by the Greeks, embodying wild, unpredictable energy.
What complicates the myth of the Amazons is the growing body of evidence suggesting these legends may have been based on real-life warrior women from nomadic tribes, such as the Scythians and Sarmatians, who lived in the steppes of Central Asia. Recent archaeological discoveries have revealed graves containing women buried with weapons like bows and spears, suggesting that women in these societies fought alongside men. According to scholar Edith Hall, skeletal remains from these regions show evidence of bowed legs, a sign of frequent horseback riding, and physical wear indicative of archery training, offering a fascinating glimpse into the possible historical basis of the Amazonian myth.
The Amazons: Matriarchal Power and the Fight for Independence
The Amazons were not just warriors but symbols of feminine independence and power. In a society where women were expected to remain in the home, the Amazons lived freely, outside the reach of men, except when it came to reproduction. Once a year, they would meet with a neighboring male tribe, the Gargareans, solely for procreation. Male children were either returned to their fathers or, according to some accounts, left to die, while female children were raised as warriors.
The Amazons' way of life, focused entirely on war, positioned them as an inversion of Greek womanhood. While Greek women were defined by their domesticity, the Amazons embraced warfare, rejecting any association with homemaking. Their society was matriarchal, with powerful queens like Hippolyta and Penthesilea leading their tribes into battle. This fierce independence was political and personal. Imagine the emotional weight of fighting to preserve their freedom, knowing that failure could mean losing everything they cherished.
However, this independence was profoundly threatening to the Greeks. The Amazons' refusal to adhere to traditional gender norms made them figures of both admiration and fear. They represented a challenge to the Greek patriarchal order, where women were expected to remain subservient to men.
As warriors who fought and lived on their own terms, the Amazons embodied a kind of unimaginable freedom for Greek women, and this freedom made them alluring and dangerous in the eyes of Greek men.
Amazon Myths: How Greek Society Projected Fears of Female Power
The Greek portrayal of the Amazons reflects their cultural anxieties surrounding gender and power. As noted by Paul Cartledge, a British historian and academic, the Amazons occupied a "marginal" space in Greek thought, both geographically and ideologically. They existed on the edges of the known world, representing the ultimate "Other," a people that defied Greek norms of civilization, gender roles, and power dynamics. This marginalization was not just geographical; it was also deeply symbolic. The Amazons, as women who lived outside the control of men and embraced war as their way of life, posed a threat to the social order that Greek men held as sacred, one that emphasized the subordination of women and the primacy of male authority.
The Greek fear of female autonomy lies at the heart of the Amazon myths. In the rigidly patriarchal structure of ancient Greece, the idea of women who lived independently of men governed themselves and engaged in warfare was both alluring and terrifying. The Amazons served as a projection of these anxieties, embodying a kind of unbridled female power that the Greeks sought to contain and suppress in their stories. This is evident in the recurring theme of male heroes "subjugating" Amazon queens or defeating them in battle, which symbolically reinforces the necessity of male dominance to maintain order.
In their myths, the Greeks projected their fascination and fear of women who dared to live beyond male control. For example, in the myth of Herakles, the hero's task of retrieving Queen Hippolyta's warrior belt is symbolic of subduing her power. Although some versions suggest Hippolyta peacefully agreed to give Herakles the belt, many retellings highlight the bloody conflict that ensued.
Herakles' triumph over Hippolyta can be seen as a symbolic victory of masculinity and order over the chaotic, autonomous femininity that the Amazons represented. Yet, despite knowing the odds, Hippolyta's willingness to face Herakles speaks of the emotional courage that defines her. She is a queen who refuses to let her people be overtaken without a fight despite the inevitable cost. Herakles' victory is not just over Hippolyta but over the very idea of female independence. This myth reflects a deeper cultural need to reinforce gender norms by depicting the ultimate female warrior, an Amazon queen, as vulnerable to male superiority.
Bellerophon's encounter with the Amazons offers another telling example of this theme. In this tale, Bellerophon, riding the winged horse Pegasus, was tasked with quelling an Amazon uprising by dropping boulders on them from above. The image of the hero soaring over these powerful warrior women and raining destruction upon them underscores the recurring narrative of Greek male heroes asserting dominance over the Amazons from a place of power, both literally and symbolically. Bellerophon's aerial perspective places him in a superior position, suggesting that Greek men viewed themselves as inherently above and in control of female power. This conquest, like Herakles' victory over Hippolyta, serves as a metaphor for the subjugation of female autonomy, with Greek male heroes repeatedly shown as the force that restores order by putting women "back in their place."
Bellerophon's encounter with the Amazons offers another telling example of this theme. In this tale, Bellerophon, riding the winged horse Pegasus, was tasked with quelling an Amazon uprising by dropping boulders on them from above. The image of the hero soaring over these powerful warrior women and raining destruction upon them underscores the recurring narrative of Greek male heroes asserting dominance over the Amazons from a place of power, both literally and symbolically. Bellerophon's aerial perspective places him in a superior position, suggesting that Greek men viewed themselves as inherently above and in control of female power. This conquest, like Herakles' victory over Hippolyta, serves as a metaphor for the subjugation of female autonomy, with Greek male heroes repeatedly shown as the force that restores order by putting women "back in their place."
Similarly, Theseus' relationship with Hippolyta, and in some versions Antiope, follows a similar pattern. Theseus' capture of an Amazon queen, whether for marriage or conquest, signifies a male hero's subjugation of female autonomy. The act of marrying or capturing an Amazon queen is laden with symbolic meaning: it represents the domestication of female power, transforming an independent warrior into a wife or concubine under the control of a man. However, in these stories, the Amazons' attempts to rescue their sisters, even at the brink of defeat, show not just a fight for freedom but a fight driven by love for their kin. These stories also acknowledge the strength of the Amazons, who nearly defeated Athens in their attempt to rescue Hippolyta or Antiope, further emphasizing the Greeks' ambivalence toward these powerful women. The Amazons are feared for their strength but also respected for their martial prowess, creating a tension between admiration and the cultural imperative to subdue them.
This dynamic is mirrored in other Greek myths where powerful women challenge male authority. Figures like Medusa, whose gaze could turn men to stone, or the witch Circe (Kirke), who transforms men into animals, represent similarly dangerous forms of feminine power.
In both cases, male heroes must defeat or outwit these women to restore order, reaffirming the Greek cultural belief that uncontrolled female power must be contained. The Amazons, like these other figures, represent a force that lies beyond the control of men, making their subjugation a necessary part of the hero's journey to solidify his dominance.
In many ways, the Amazons function as a cultural mirror for the Greeks, reflecting their deepest fears about the breakdown of social order and the consequences of female empowerment. By positioning the Amazons as an external threat, geographically and ideologically distant, the Greeks could explore these anxieties at a safe distance, ultimately reaffirming their own values through the heroes who conquered them. The myth of the Amazons, then, is not just about a group of warrior women; it is about the boundaries of gender and power that Greek society was constantly negotiating.
Amazons in Greek Art: Visualizing the Warrior Women of Myth
The Amazons' presence in Greek art is equally complex. They are often depicted as equals to men in battle, matching Greek heroes in skill and ferocity. In fact, the Amazons were one of the most frequently depicted subjects in ancient vase paintings, with over 1,000 examples surviving today. This fascination reflects both the allure and threat the Amazons posed to Greek ideals of femininity and masculinity. As much as the Greeks feared the disruption of gender roles, they could not help but admire the Amazons' strength and independence.
One of the most notable artistic depictions is the Amazonomachy scenes, battles between Amazons and Greek warriors. Pausanias, a Greek geographer, provides a detailed description of these Amazonomachy depictions. He noted how the battles between Amazons and Greek warriors were often shown with nearly equal numbers, emphasizing the Amazons' formidable nature and their ability to match Greek men in combat. These scenes were popular in ancient Greek art precisely because they showcased a balance of power between the sexes, creating a visual narrative of intense, evenly-matched struggles.
The popularity of Amazonomachy in vase paintings, especially in the 5th century BCE, is a testament to the fascination Greek society had with these warrior women.
The scenes were often elaborate, depicting Amazons in full battle attire, wielding weapons like spears and shields, their movements dynamic and powerful. The battles served as both a thrilling subject of heroism and a symbolic exploration of gender tensions in Greek culture.
One of the most famous depictions is by the artist Exekias, who captured the iconic moment when Achilles killed Queen Penthesilea during the Trojan War.
In this vase painting, the moment is charged with deep emotion as Achilles and Penthesilea lock eyes just before he delivers the fatal blow. It's a heartbreaking scene. Penthesilea, fearless until the end, meets her death with courage and a fleeting, almost tender connection with her enemy. This powerful image of a warrior's tragic beauty and death became a metaphor for the complex feelings of admiration and sorrow the Greeks felt toward the Amazons.
The Amazons' Impact: Feminist Icons Across Time and Cultures
While the Amazons are most commonly associated with Greek mythology, their influence extended far beyond Greece. Roman interpretations of the Amazons often portrayed them in a more eroticized light, emphasizing their beauty alongside their martial prowess. Figures like Camilla, a warrior queen in Virgil's Aeneid, draw inspiration from the Amazonian mythos but are adapted to fit Roman ideals of femininity and heroism.
Whatever it isDuring the Renaissance, artists and writers rediscovered the Amazons, blending the classical portrayal with contemporary ideals of beauty, power, and independence. Rubens' dynamic paintings of Amazons in battle are an example of how Renaissance artists reimagined these legendary women, presenting them as both mighty warriors and paragons of female beauty. This tradition has continued into modern times, with the Amazons finding new life in pop culture, most notably in the figure of Wonder Woman.
The Amazons' influence on modern feminism is profound. They are often held up as symbols of female empowerment, embodying the ideals of strength, independence, and sisterhood. Wonder Woman's home, Themiscyra, directly draws from the myth of the Amazons, presenting a utopian society of women who live without men and defend the world from evil.
The Amazons' legacy as feminist icons is rooted in their ability to defy the expectations placed on them by a male-dominated world. They lived by their own rules, fought for their freedom, and refused to be subjugated by men. In many ways, the Amazons have become a symbol of what women can achieve when freed from the constraints of patriarchy, inspiring generations of women to fight for equality and independence.
Amazonian Warfare: Cavalry, Archery, and Tactics of Fearless Female Warriors
The Amazons were known for their exceptional skills in combat, particularly their mastery of cavalry and archery. Ancient sources claim they were among the first warriors to use cavalry in battle, giving them a distinct tactical advantage over their enemies. Armed with bows, spears, and double-headed axes, they fought with ferocity and discipline, often overwhelming their opponents with their speed and agility on horseback.
One of the most famous Amazon queens, Penthesilea, is remembered for her role in the Trojan War. Leading a contingent of Amazons to aid the Trojans, she nearly turned the tide of battle in their favor. Her fateful duel with Achilles is one of the most iconic moments in Amazonian myth. Although she was ultimately defeated, Achilles' admiration for her skill and beauty demonstrates the respect the Amazons commanded, even from their enemies. Achilles, moved by her bravery, is said to have fallen in love with her at the moment of her death, a testament to the Amazons' ability to blur the lines between admiration and fear.
The Amazons' tactics in battle were not just confined to physical prowess. They were also highly strategic, using guerrilla tactics, surprise attacks, and their knowledge of the terrain to their advantage.
Their ability to ride and fight from horseback gave them a mobility that most Greek warriors lacked, allowing them to strike quickly and retreat before their enemies could regroup. This combination of skill, strategy, and ferocity made the Amazons a formidable force in myth and perhaps history.
Amazon Queens in Myth and History: From Hippolyta and Penthesilea to Tomyris' Vengeance
Queens like Penthesilea and Hippolyta are key figures in Amazonian myth, each representing different aspects of leadership and femininity. Hippolyta, often associated with Herakles and Theseus, is a figure who balances diplomacy with power. In some versions of her story, she willingly gives Herakles her warrior belt as a sign of peace, only for the situation to devolve into violence due to the interference of the goddess Hera. In other versions, Hippolyta is a warrior queen who leads her Amazons into battle, fighting fiercely to defend her people and their way of life. The emotional complexity of her leadership, a queen navigating between war and diplomacy, demonstrates her strength, not just in battle but in the personal sacrifices she made for the survival of her tribe.
Penthesilea, on the other hand, is a tragic figure defined by her bravery and her doomed encounter with Achilles. Her death is a poignant moment in the Trojan War, a loss that reverberates beyond just her people. The connection between Achilles and Penthesilea in her final moments, her fearlessness met with his unexpected sorrow, shows how warrior hearts can break in battle, not just through steel, but through emotional recognition. Achilles, moved by her bravery, carried her body from the battlefield, an honor never afforded to an enemy. This act was extraordinary, as Greeks typically ransomed or discarded the bodies of their foes. Achilles' grief for Penthesilea was so profound that it mirrored the sorrow he felt for Patroclus, his closest companion. Her willingness to face Achilles, the greatest warrior of the age, in single combat speaks to the Amazons' fearlessness and commitment to their ideals. She embodies the tragic heroism often reserved for male figures in Greek myth, challenging the notion that women could not be warriors on par with men.
Queen Myrina offers another example of Amazonian leadership, this time focusing on conquest and compassion. Myrina is known for invading the Atlantean cities and sacking Cerne, where her forces inflicted significant damage. However, unlike many conquerors, Myrina showed compassion toward some of the conquered, offering kindness to those who wished to live in peace while those who remained bloodthirsty continued their destructive path elsewhere. This balance between power and empathy, Myrina's ability to act as a fierce warrior and a compassionate leader, reveals the emotional intelligence accompanying Amazonian strength, where power is tempered with wisdom.
Another famous Amazon queen, Thalestris, pursued a very different kind of leadership. Known for her ambition and desire to strengthen her lineage, Thalestris sought out Alexander the Great to father her child, believing his status and strength would ensure strong Amazon offspring. Her decision speaks to a deeply personal desire for legacy, a warrior queen who sought to perpetuate her people's greatness through a union driven not by love but by the survival of her people.
In the historical realm, Queen Tomyris of the Scythians exemplifies Amazonian-like leadership. After the Persian king Cyrus the Great refused to negotiate peace and captured her son, Tomyris launched a retaliatory attack that destroyed his army. After his defeat, she famously captured Cyrus, killed him, and threw his severed head into a vat of blood as revenge for her son's death.
Tomyris' wrath was not just political but deeply personal: a mother's fury unleashed on an empire in one of history's most brutal acts of revenge. Her vengeance shows that Amazonian strength was as much about protecting their loved ones as it was about warfare.
Amazonian feats in battle are also exemplified by Queens Lysippe and Marpesia, who expanded Amazonian influence into Asia Minor.
Under their leadership, the Amazons secured military victories across regions like Thrace, Syria, and Ephesus, demonstrating their prowess in war and their ability to command vast territories. These queens proved that the Amazons were mythical warriors capable of empire-building and sustained military dominance.
Amazons and the Divine: How Artemis and Ares Shaped Their Warrior Spirit
The Amazons' connection to the divine is deeply tied to their worship of Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and protector of women. Artemis, in many ways, symbolizes the untamed feminine spirit: wild, free, and resistant to the domestic roles imposed by patriarchal Greek society. As fierce protectors of nature and masters of the hunt, the Amazons embodied Artemis's core attributes: independence, strength, and loyalty to their sisterhood. For the Amazons, worshipping Artemis wasn't just a religious act but a way of life that defined their connection to the wild, untamed world.
Artemis was more than a deity to the Amazons; she was their spiritual mirror. Just as Artemis rejected the constraints of marriage and domesticity, so too did the Amazons reject the Greek expectations of womanhood. They lived in harmony with nature, which provided the backdrop for their warrior lifestyle. This spiritual dimension infused their battles with a sense of divine purpose, fighting for survival and to uphold the values and independence that Artemis herself represented. The Amazons fought to preserve their autonomy and wilderness, qualities that made them not just warriors but sacred protectors of the divine feminine.
In many Amazon myths, the god Ares, the embodiment of war, also plays a central role. As the father of many Amazon queens, Ares emphasized their connection to violence and chaos, as well as to honor and courage. Ares represented the aggressive, unstoppable force of war, and the Amazons, his daughters, carried that intensity into their own lives. However, unlike the Greeks, whose worship of Ares often highlighted the destructiveness of war, the Amazons revered war as a means of survival and empowerment. Their warrior ethos was not just about physical combat but a divine calling, merging their fierceness in battle and the sacred balance they sought between nature and civilization.
The Amazons existed between worlds, 'civilized' and wild, feminine and masculine, mortal and divine. This liminality made them complex figures who defied simple categorization. They didn't just worship Artemis and Ares as separate deities; they embodied a synthesis of both: the wild protectiveness of Artemis and the raw power of Ares.
This unique combination of divine forces positioned them as liminal figures between the worlds of 'civilization' and wilderness, male and female, war and peace. Their dual worship of these deities reflected the tension within their own identity: they were warriors but also women connected to the cycles of nature and life.
This duality makes the Amazons such compelling figures, not only as historical or mythical warriors but as representations of the divine feminine that exists outside the boundaries of traditional gender roles.
Their worship of Artemis and Ares was an affirmation of their resistance to the limitations placed on women in Greek society. Through these divine connections, the Amazons were able to exist on their own terms, powerful and unyielding, representing a harmony between war and nature that few others could embody.
From Myth to Modern Icons: The Lasting Impact of the Amazons
The Amazons, whether viewed through the lens of myth or history, stand as enduring symbols of feminine strength and autonomy. Their legacy transcends mere tales of war; they embody the tension between 'civilization' and the wild, the domestic and the untamed, and the masculine and feminine. In their defiance of societal expectations, the Amazons challenged the patriarchal structures of their time and, in doing so, became a powerful reflection of both fear and admiration. Their mythos invites us to consider what it means to live freely, beyond the constraints of gender roles and how the pursuit of independence is often fraught with challenges and sacrifices.
Through their connection to war and the divine, the Amazons offer a timeless narrative of resilience that still resonates today. They remind us that the fight for autonomy, strength, and equality is not a new battle but one that has been waged for centuries. As icons of power and the embodiment of the wild feminine, the Amazons continue to inspire, reminding us of the potential for greatness that lies in embracing one's full self: unconstrained, untamed, and fiercely independent.
References:
BBC. (2013, April 11). In Our Time: The Amazons. BBC Radio 4. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000jfpc
BBC. (2020, May 30). Natalie Haynes stands up for the classics: Penthesilea, Amazon Warrior Queen. BBC Radio 4. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rr7r7
Christou, M. (2020, May 7). Amazons - The Most Feared Warrior Women of Greek Mythology [Video]. YouTube. Mythology & Fiction Explained.
Hamilton, E. (2017). Mythology (75th Anniversary Illustrated Edition): Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. Hachette UK.
Monaghan, P. (2014). Encyclopedia of goddesses and heroines. New World Library.
Penthesilea in fury leads the crescent-shielded ranks of Amazones and blazes amid her thousands; a golden belt she binds below her naked breast, and, as a warrior queen, dares battle, a maid clashing with men.
